InternetvsBlockchainRevolution:ChallengesintheEarlyDays(Part3)ThisarticleispartoftheInternetvsBlockchainRevolutionSeries.Ifyouareinterestedinreadingtheotherarticles.Intheearlystageofemergenttechnologies,thereareoftenchallengesaroundscalability,cost,andeducation,limitingthedevelopmentofbreakthroughapplicationsandmassadoption.However,thesechallengesaregenerallysolvedovertimeaswehavewitnessedwiththeevolutionoftheInternetandweshouldexpectasimilartechnologicalprogressioninBlockchain.ScalabilityandCost:
PendingEthereumTransactionsafterCryptoKitties’Releasein2017
Despitetoday’sfastInternetconnection,theearlydaysoftheInternetfacedchallengesintermsofscalabilityandcost.OnAugust7,1996,AOL’sInternetservicefailedfromsupportingahighvolumeofInternetusersandwentdownfornineteenhours.Atthatpoint,Americanswereincreasinglylivingtheironlineliveseveryday,andAOLwasthecountry’slargestinternetserviceprovider,amongothercompetitorssuchasProdigy,CompuServeandMSN.TheInternetitselfhasn’tcrashedbuttheabilitytoaccessittemporarilystopped,anditwasabigdealformanywhostartedtogetusedtosurfingthewebintheirdailylife.ThisissimilartowhathappenedintheblockchainworldinDecember2017,inwhichtheofCryptoKittiesspikedtheon-chaintransactionvolumeonEthereumandcloggedthenetwork.Mostuserscouldn’tgettheirtransactionsthroughontheblockchainunlesstheywerewillingtobidahighamountofgasfees,whichcausedalotofconfusionanddistressinthecommunity.WhiletheEthereumnetworkjammademanyofusrealizethecurrentlackofscalabilityofblockchaintechnologyinservicingmorecomplexusecases,bothofthesefailuresinscalabilityduringtheearlydaysofInternetandBlockchainshowedavalidationofhowimportantthesetechnologieshadbecomeinafewyearsfortheearlyadoptersandtheneedforbetterscalabilitysolutionstosupportthegrowinguserbaseanddemand.
美国银行：美国多个州政府机构在考虑区块链应用过程中加州处于领先地位:金色财经报道，美国银行(BAC)在周四的一份研究报告中表示，美国联邦和州政府机构考虑区块链的应用，加州处于领先地位。加州机动车管理局(DMV)代币化项目是公司以及美国州和联邦机构如何使用基于区块链的解决方案来提高效率和降低成本的一个例子，该部门计划通过对该州注册的超过1400万辆汽车进行代币化，彻底改革其车辆产权和转让管理系统。它将以NFT的形式发行车辆所有权，所有权记录在Tezos区块链的私有版本中。该银行指出，其他联邦和州机构也在研究基于区块链的解决方案。其中包括联邦紧急事务管理局(FEMA)、国土安全部和加州食品和农业部。[2023/3/24 13:25:05]
AverageInternetandWirelessMobileTelecommunicationSpeedintheUS
ThehighnetworkfeesandcostsforlaunchingastartupduringtheearlydaysoftheInternetandthecurrentstateoftheBlockchainindustryisalsosimilar.Backthen,theprocessofgettingonlinerequiredamodemandaphoneline,inwhichalltheonlineservicesmaintainedanetworkoflocalmodemsforpeopletodialin.Themostpopularonlineserviceatthetime,AOL,charged$9.95/monthfor5hoursofunlimitedaccesswitheachadditionalhourcosting$2.95,whichbytoday’sstandard,wasveryrestricting.Howeverovertime,thebroadbandconnectionswithDSLeventuallycame,scalinguptheInternetspeed,andby2014,theInternetspeedwas200timesfasterand90%cheapercomparedto1999.Similarly,wehavealsowitnessedanincreaseofwirelessmobiletelecommunicationspeedovertheyears,fromlessthan1Mbpswith2Gtechnologyto25Mbpswith4Gtechnology,enablingnewservicestobeviableandpracticalthroughthemobilephone,suchasmusicandvideostreaming.Overtime,thelimitationsaroundthescalabilityandcostweregraduallyremoved,allowingformorecomplexandbandwidth-intensiveapplicationstobepracticalandviable.
CFTC主席：希望美国在区块链方面处于领先地位:金色财经报道，在洛杉矶区块链峰会上，美国商品期货交易委员会（CFTC）主席Heath Tarbert表示，希望看到美国在区块链技术方面处于领先地位。Tarbert表示自己已花费时间学习区块链技术，因为他想与构建这些系统的人们一起做正确的事。他还强调了在CFTC招聘具有技术经验的人员的重要性，甚至还从加密货币领域吸引了一些人进入他的办公室。此外，他希望看到美元仍然是世界储备货币。但他认为，无论美国走向CBDC还是仅是更复杂的支付系统，美国的支付机制都无法跟上技术发展的步伐，必须采取一些措施。[2020/10/8]
TransactionSpeedofVariousBlockchainProjects
Intheblockchainworld,wearestillearlyinthedevelopmentcycleofthetechnology,inwhichthechallengesaroundscalabilityandcostarepreventingthepracticalityofmorecomplexusecasesandlargeuserbase.Lowscalabilitymeansthatthedevelopersoruserswouldhavetopayhigherfeestooutbidtheothertransactionsinthequeuetoreducewaittime.AsofFebruary2019,theaveragetransactionsfeesareroughly$0.13forEthereum,inwhichmorecomplexdapps,suchason-chaingames,wouldquicklyrackuphightransactionfees.Althoughnoteveryactionneedstoliveon-chain,thereisstillanurgentdemandforblockchaintobescalabletosupportthegrowingnumberofdapps,andallthedaytodaytransactions(Visaprocesses24,000transactionspersecond)livingonthesameledger.Numerousprojectsareworkingondifferentmeanstoscalethetransactionspeedofblockchain,withvariabletrade-offsbetweenscalability,security,anddecentralization.WiththerecentmainnetlaunchesofEOSandTRON(4,000and750TPSrespectively),wehaveseenanincreaseofmorecomplexdappsbeingreleasedinthepastcouplemonths,andweexpectthistrendtocontinueasmorescalableblockchainsarebeingdeployedinthespace.Overall,thedifferentscalingsolutionsbeingexploredsuchasnoveldatastructures(Sharding,Tangle,DAG,Codaetc.),layer2solutions(Sidechains,off-chains,hashed-timelocksetc.),andmoreefficientconsensusalgorithms(POS,DPOS,Casper,Avalanche,Hashgraphetc.)willgraduallyincreasethebandwidthandreducethecostfortransactionsontheblockchain,enablingnewusecasesandservicesovertheyears.
媒体：2019 年中国公司处于区块链专利申请领先地位:The Block 数据分析显示，2019 年中国公司处于区块链专利申请的领先地位。根据 Google Patents 的数据，在 2019 年总共有超过 5800 个区块链专利被提交，相比 2018 年 6100 多个区块链专利提交数来说，略有减少。中国公司是其中的领头羊，在所有提交超过 20 个区块链专利的公司中，有 63% 的公司总部位于中国，而美国只占了 20%。但是在所有的申请中，只有 3% 的专利在同一年内被批准。[2020/4/7]
ThedecreaseofthecostoflaunchingaStartupfrom1999-2010
Additionally,weexpectthatthecostoflaunchingblockchainstartupswillalsodecreaseovertime.DuringtheInternetrevolution,theaveragecostofstartingastartupalsodrasticallyreducedovertheyears,from$5min1999to$500kin2005,and$50kin2010.Thefirstwaveofcostreductionwasduetotheappearanceofopensource(whichmeantnolicenseforUNIX,webserversandOracledatabases)andhorizontalcomputing(whichmeantnoneedtobuyexpensiveSunservers&EMCstorage).Then,thesecondwaveofcostdecreasewasduetothematurationofcloudcomputing,popularizedbyAWS,providingwebstorage(S3),processingpower(EC2)andtheabilitytoscaleupordowndependingontraffic(auto-scaling)onthecloud.AccordingtoGartner,deployingenterpriseblockchainproof-of-conceptshasastartingcostof$275,000andcangouptoseveralmillionsofdollars.Dependingontheblockchain(Ethereum,Neo,EOS,etc),thedeploymentandtransactionfeesofsimpledappsonpublicblockchainscancostyou$30-85k(interestingbreakdownhere),andcurrentblockchaintalentsareinshortageandexpensive($150konaverage).SimilartotheevolutionoftheInternet,wealsoexpectacostreductioninlaunchingblockchainprojectsastheblockchaintransactionspeedbecomesmorescalableandcheaper,morefull-stackplatformsontheenterpriseside(BaaShosting-Kaleido,AWS,Azure,Oracle,etc),developmentplatform(NoOps-Esprezzo),middlewares(Omnitude)anddevelopertools(Mist,Geth,Remix,etc)arebeingreleased,andmoretalentsmigratingintotheblockchainspace.Education:
动态 | 比特币ABC目前领先12个区块:据cointelegraph报道，根据Coin.Dance数据，截至目前比特币ABC和比特币无限在算力和节点数量方面领先于比特币SV。根据新的共识规则，已经共开采了41个区块，其中比特币ABC领先12个区块。[2018/11/16]
Atonepoint,50%oftheCD'sproducedworldwidehadanAOLlogoonitEducationisanessentialdriverfortheadoptionofnewtechnologies,loweringthebarriertoentry,andhelping"crossingthechasm"(atermcreatedbyGeoffreyMoore).Beforethechasm,technologyisusuallytreatedasaforeignobject,andonceithastrulycrossed,itisperceivedassafetoconsume.DuringtheearlydaysoftheInternet,JanBrandtfromAOLwashiredasVPofmarketingtogrowitsuserbase.Duringmarketresearch,sherealizedthatpeopledidn’tknowhowtousethecomputeras“someonetookacomputermouseandstartedpointingitatthecomputerliketheremotecontrol”,soitwasimportanttogobacktothebasics.Sellingconsumersonthevirtueofoneonlineserviceoveranotherwasnotasimportantaseducatingconsumersonwhatanonlineservicewas.ThemarketingstrategyimplementedbyAOLwastosendouttrialdisksandCDsforpeopletotryout,andtheresultsprovedtobeextraordinary,withpeoplesigningupandprovidingtheircreditcards.AOLre-investedsomuchintothestrategythatCDswerefoundeverywhere,inpeople’smailboxes,onnewcomputers,inmagazines,givenawaywithmovierentals,etc.sothatatonepoint,50%oftheCDsproducedworldwidehadtheAOLlogo,leapfroggingthecompetitorsandgrowingitsuserbasefrom200kto25Mclientsovertheyears.Overall,AOL’scampaignisagoodexampleofasuccessfulinitiativeindrivingadoptionbyactivelyloweringthebarrierofentryforthelesstech-savvycrowdofearlyusers.
金色财经独家分析 雄安新区持续在区块链领域发力 建设全球领先的数字城市:近日，雄安新区推出基于区块链技术的智慧垃圾收集样机器，市民可通过下载APP，在通过扫码后进行垃圾分类倾倒，该垃圾箱内置系统可以根据垃圾种类和重量，给予垃圾投递者积分奖励，所有积分则可以通过未来遍布新区的服务体系用来兑换生活用品等。此前，雄安在发布《河北雄安新区规划纲要》时就曾表示，新区率先大规模商用5G、率先布局IPv6；超前布局区块链、太赫兹、认知计算等技术研发及试验。雄安在在房屋租赁领域率先布局使用了区块链技术。金色财经分析，雄安新区正在大力建设数字城市，不仅在居民的日常生活领域，在其他城市的建设方便，区块链也必将成为推动雄安数字化建设的重要技术支撑。[2018/5/21]
LearnandEarn0xprogramfromCoinbase
Todrawaparallelwiththecryptocurrencyworld,wehaveseenmanyinitiativesineducatingthenextgenerationofcryptoandblockchainadopters,withlargeconferences,suchasConsensus,corporateeducation,takenbyDeloitteorIBM,developereducation,suchasConSensysAcademy,anduniversityeducation,suchasBlockchainEducationNetwork.Manycompaniesarealsoattemptingtoingiveouttokensorcoldwalletsforfreethrougheventsandmarketingcampaigns.Recently,Coinbaselaunchedalearnandearncryptoprogram,offeringcryptocurrencyrewardsforcompletingtheireducationalcourses.Currently,interactingwithblockchainstillhasalotoffrictions,andrequireyoutohavesomefoundationknowledge(private/publickeys,gas/transactionfeesetc.)comparedtotraditionalpaymentsolutionssuchasVenmo,orPaypal,nottomentiontheirreversiblerisksthatcomewithkeymanagementandtransactions.Wearestillearlyintheindustrywithlessthan1%ofworldwideadoption,andeducatingthegeneralpopulationaboutcryptocurrency,blockchainandkeymanagementwillbeveryimportantfortheindustrytogrow.LargecompaniessuchasAOLandCoinbasearewellpositionedtoofferextraincentivesthroughgiveawayCDtrialsandcryptocurrenciestoactivelyhelplowerthebarrierofentryanddrivefurtheradoption.Overall,it’sundeniablethattheBlockchainindustryhasbeenmakingsignificantprogresstowardssolvingthechallengesaroundscalability,cost,andeducationoverthepastfewyears.Althoughwearestillearlyinthistechnologicalcycle,weareconfidentthatBlockchainwillmatureinasimilarfashionastheInternet,graduallybecomingmorescalable,affordableandpracticalformassadoption.-----TheInternetRevolutionfactsarebasedonthebook“HowtheInternetHappened”,writtenbyBrianMcCullough.MarkTwainoncesaid“Historydoesn’trepeatitself,butitdoesrhyme”.WeareattemptingtodrawsomesimilaritiesbetweentheInternetandBlockchainRevolutions,tohelpentrepreneursandinvestorsbetterunderstandtechnologicallifecycles.Sources:Book“HowtheInternetHappened”,writtenbyBrianMcCullough.https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/reply-unending-chasm-how-survive-geoffrey-moore/https://www.coinbase.com/earn/0xhttps://bothsidesofthetable.com/why-has-seed-investing-declined-and-what-does-this-mean-for-the-future-6a9572357130https://bothsidesofthetable.com/a-deep-dive-into-what-has-really-changed-in-venture-capital-f5d225f7f8https://howmuch.net/articles/crypto-transaction-speeds-comparedhttps://ylv.io/how-much-does-it-costs-to-run-dapp-in-2018/https://bitinfocharts.com/comparison/ethereum-transactionfees.html八维研究院出品的其他研究跨境金融科技平台Pandaq正式发布｜八维资本XTrueChain
《互联网vs区块链革命》系列之一：早期的成功产品
《互联网vs区块链革命》系列之二：颠覆性公司的起源
硬核技术：证券型通证需要专属的区块链吗?
企业级区块链：过去、现在和未来
Medium:https://medium.com/@8DecimalCapital
八维资本是一家跨境的国际专业区块链投资机构，管理美元和Token两支基金，总资金规模超过六千万美金。团队合伙人来自一线VC、PE，基金顾问包括前瑞士银行中国区CEO陈庆，前红杉中国创始人合伙人张帆。八维专注于区块链赛道投资，同时对上下游产业资源进行战略布局。八维投资了底层技术、隐私、存储、SecurityToken、稳定币等赛道的顶尖项目，如EOS、Icon、IoTeX、Zilliqa、Bluzelle、IRISNetwork等，同时布局了交易所、媒体、咨询、技术社区等战略协同资源，如0x、Fcoin、Kyber、Bibox、Mobilecoin、Dorahacks、星球日报、币世界、WXY等。在美国TokenMetrics榜单中，八维投资回报位列50家国际基金的前三位，也被36氪、清华x-lab等机构评为中国Top10区块链投资机构。
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